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Medium risk #10 Concentration

Supplier concentration (HHI)

Markets where an authority's money went to a few suppliers, although the country had hundreds.

The Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) shows how concentrated a market is: 10,000 means a single supplier; the lower it is, the more suppliers share the money. Here a market is one authority, one CPV group and one year. The CPV group matters: over all of an authority's suppliers the index would measure what it bought, not who it bought from. The same authority can have competition for fuel and a single supplier for IT services.

Flagged markets

649

Money in flagged markets

51.28 Bn.

Mean index (money-weighted)

9,013

Flagged markets by year

Years marked * are not fully covered by the data: 2018, 2026.

Concentrated money, by CPV group

The 12 largest CPV groups by value; the other 101 are added into a single tile.

National concentration index by year

The index, like the rate in the year chart, is computed on every market checked, not only the flagged ones.

How it is computed

The index is computed per market, not per authority, and only on money spent.

  1. Every award in the three streams (tenders, direct purchases and offline purchases) since 2018 is taken.
  2. Each award gets its CPV group (three digits), supplier and year: the contract date for tenders, the finalisation date for the others. A contract over several lots is split by estimated value; an association's contract is split among its members.
  3. Money is added up by authority, CPV group, year and supplier. Each market is also tested once over the whole period, on the money of every year together, where a supplier present in three years holds one share.
  4. The index is the sum of the squared supplier shares, times 10,000. The lowest possible value is 10,000 divided by the number of awards.
  5. Only markets large enough are included: above the money and award thresholds. A market with three awards cannot go below 3,333, however fairly it was shared.
  6. Markets with an index above the threshold are flagged, if the country had enough suppliers in the CPV group for a choice to exist.

Thresholds

  • Flagging threshold: an HHI of at least 7,000
  • At least 10 awards in a year, 30 over the whole period
  • At least 500,000 RON in a year, 3,000,000 RON over the whole period
  • At least 20 suppliers active in the CPV group nationally

The index says nothing about lawfulness: a concentrated market can come from fair tenders won by the same bidder every time. Markets below the thresholds above are left out, and framework agreements are excluded.

The CPV group approximates the market. Some groups are local monopolies (waste, water, district heating), where the national supplier count overstates the buyer's real choice, and the indicator will flag them. The Suppliers in the market column helps recognise them.

The full explanation, on the methodology page

The whole period is not the sum of the years. Each market is tested once more, on the money of every year together: supplier shares are taken over the whole period, and the floors are higher (30 awards and 3,000,000 RON). A market can be flagged in a year without being flagged over the whole period, for example when one supplier took everything in one year but shared the market in the others. Choose a year to see the markets flagged in it.

Contracting authority CPV group Year Spent Awards Suppliers used Suppliers in market HHI Leading supplier
SOCIETATEA NATIONALA NUCLEARELECTRICA SA CUI: 10874881 452 Whole period 10,640,018,210 10,637,052,525 1,052,391 1,913,294 60 29,228 9,261 ORIENT SRL CUI: 789509 96.2%
ORIENT SRL CUI: 789509 96.2% CONCELEX SRL CUI: 6544184 1.5% BOG ART SRL CUI: 17487 1.2% NIMB CONSMETAL SRL CUI: 9275005 0.3% DRUMURI BIHOR SA CUI: 10980670 0.2% 32 further suppliers 0.5%
SOCIETATEA DE DISTRIBUTIE A ENERGIEI ELECTRICE MUNTENIA NORD SA CUI: 14506181 453 Whole period 6,048,198,359 6,040,571,532 54,121 7,572,706 141 15,874 9,471 TESLA POWER SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 31422072 97.3%
TESLA POWER SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 31422072 97.3% LIN IMPEX SRL CUI: 6581069 0.3% GILEON INST-EL SRL CUI: 15434059 0.3% ELECTROMONTAJ SA CUI: 566 0.2% POTENTIAL CONS SRL CUI: 8928505 0.2% 40 further suppliers 1.7%
SECTORUL 4 AL MUNICIPIULUI BUCURESTI CUI: 4316422 773 Whole period 4,189,867,558 4,189,867,558 137 2,961 10,000 TOTUL VERDE SA CUI: 14665500 100.0%
TOTUL VERDE SA CUI: 14665500 100.0%
COMPANIA NATIONALA AEROPORTURI BUCURESTI SA CUI: 26490194 452 Whole period 3,325,305,982 3,323,794,851 466,993 1,044,138 81 29,228 7,405 PORR CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 16601724 85.9%
PORR CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 16601724 85.9% BOG ART SRL CUI: 17487 4.2% SOMET SA CUI: 3168980 1.4% INSTITUTUL DE CERCETARE SI PRODUCTIE IN ELECTROTEHNICA ICPE ELECTROCOND TECHNOLOGIES SA CUI: 356572 1.3% LSG BUILDING SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 27343230 1.3% 34 further suppliers 5.9%
ADMINISTRATIA BAZINALA DE APA DOBROGEA LITORAL CUI: 23877359 452 Whole period 1,948,233,362 1,947,922,175 251,687 59,500 36 29,228 9,425 VAN OORD DREDGING AND MARINE CONTRACTORS BV CUI: 24193233 97.1%
VAN OORD DREDGING AND MARINE CONTRACTORS BV CUI: 24193233 97.1% BRACO ENGINEERING SRL CUI: 22666191 0.8% HYDRO PROIECT INVEST SRL CUI: 33427904 0.8% DIMAR SRL CUI: 5157538 0.8% 4C PROJECT CONSULTING SRL CUI: 23108177 0.2% 12 further suppliers 0.2%
SECTORUL 3 AL MUNICIPIULUI BUCURESTI CUI: 4420465 799 Whole period 1,645,469,424 1,643,737,801 1,367,045 364,578 33 16,858 9,930 AQUAVENTURA WATER PARK SPA SRL CUI: 50417994 99.7%
AQUAVENTURA WATER PARK SPA SRL CUI: 50417994 99.7% TAO CONCEPT DESIGN SRL CUI: 41703067 0.1% INDUSTRIAL SOFTWARE SRL CUI: 10329907 0.1% SRGM GARANTII MOBILIARE SRL CUI: 4971227 0.0% VBN FACADE SRL CUI: 43254967 0.0% 15 further suppliers 0.1%
SOCIETATEA DE TRANSPORT BUCURESTI STB SA CUI: 1589886 091 Whole period 1,221,860,672 1,220,635,724 1,100,162 124,786 40 3,101 9,130 ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 95.5%
ROMPETROL DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 12751583 95.5% NEOGAS GRID SA CUI: 20914495 2.0% NOVA POWER & GAS SA CUI: 18680651 1.6% TINMAR ENERGY SA CUI: 34620961 0.9% BULROM GAS IMPEX SRL CUI: 14012099 0.0% 3 further suppliers 0.1%
AUTORITATEA PENTRU ADMINISTRAREA SISTEMULUI NATIONAL ANTIGRINDINA SI DE CRESTERE A PRECIPITATIILOR CUI: 34138203 907 Whole period 1,073,727,277 1,073,722,777 4,500 51 2,037 7,080 INTERVENTII ACTIVE IN ATMOSFERA SA CUI: 6637100 83.5%
INTERVENTII ACTIVE IN ATMOSFERA SA CUI: 6637100 83.5% ELECTROMECANICA PLOIESTI SA CUI: 14361269 9.9% ICEWOLFS TEAM SRL CUI: 52470323 2.5% DARK STONE SECURITY SRL CUI: 50024197 2.1% LEGENDARY TEAM SECURITY SRL CUI: 48491433 2.0% 4 further suppliers 0.1%
ADMINISTRATIA NATIONALA A PENITENCIARELOR CUI: 4266324 452 Whole period 976,426,136 976,400,085 25,031 1,020 53 29,228 8,167 NESS PROIECT EUROPE SRL CUI: 27503616 90.2%
NESS PROIECT EUROPE SRL CUI: 27503616 90.2% GOLD NEW PROJECT AG SRL CUI: 34300673 4.1% POT CONSTRUCT PROJECT MANAGEMENT SRL CUI: 37151010 4.1% EURO PRIM BUILDING SRL CUI: 34611009 0.8% TOP WOOD SALES SRL CUI: 27738337 0.7% 3 further suppliers 0.0%
SECTORUL 4 AL MUNICIPIULUI BUCURESTI CUI: 4316422 454 Whole period 848,808,294 847,515,132 1,272,606 20,556 185 20,588 7,215 CONSTRUCTII ERBASU SA CUI: 430008 84.5%
CONSTRUCTII ERBASU SA CUI: 430008 84.5% TERRA GAZ CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 10376216 6.9% BOG ART SRL CUI: 17487 4.0% CONCELEX SRL CUI: 6544184 1.1% OMEGA STAR SISTEMS SRL CUI: 21392071 0.7% 9 further suppliers 2.8%
DIRECTIA ASIGURARE LOGISTICA INTEGRATA CUI: 4267060 341 Whole period 677,973,019 677,844,813 128,206 108 3,424 7,501 RENAULT COMMERCIAL ROUMANIE SRL CUI: 13943110 86.4%
RENAULT COMMERCIAL ROUMANIE SRL CUI: 13943110 86.4% PORSCHE ROMANIA SRL CUI: 9997007 3.4% AUTO NOVEX SA CUI: 26928228 2.7% TIRIAC AUTO SRL CUI: 11331727 2.6% ROADHILL AUTOMOTIVE SRL CUI: 15584218 1.4% 4 further suppliers 3.5%
UNITATEA DE LOGISTICA SI ACHIZITII CENTRALIZATE A POLITIEI PENITENCIARE CUI: 4193079 302 Whole period 650,821,144 650,473,022 89,766 258,356 193 9,704 9,576 FOCALITY SRL CUI: 23154424 97.9%
FOCALITY SRL CUI: 23154424 97.9% PENTAGON BUSINESS COM SRL CUI: 8763857 1.1% ETA2U SRL CUI: 1801821 0.8% QNET INTERNATIONAL SRL CUI: 28672605 0.2% MONTISSIMO SRL CUI: 47541860 0.0% 36 further suppliers 0.0%
DIRECTIA GENERALA DE PROTECTIE INTERNA CUI: 36755310 325 Whole period 603,548,141 603,052,949 495,192 38 3,951 9,553 BULL ROMANIA SRL CUI: 52521834 97.7%
BULL ROMANIA SRL CUI: 52521834 97.7% DENDRIO SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 11973883 2.1% RASIROM RA CUI: 7061781 0.1% STARC4SYS SRL CUI: 31340215 0.1% MICRO WORLD SRL CUI: 7474133 0.0% 14 further suppliers 0.0%
COMPANIA NATIONALA DE TRANSPORT AL ENERGIEI ELECTRICE TRANSELECTRICA SA CUI: 13328043 507 Whole period 593,099,936 592,063,079 87,022 949,835 122 7,055 9,575 SOCIETATEA PENTRU SERVICII DE MENTENANTA A RETELEI ELECTRICE DE TRANSPORT SMART SA CUI: 14232728 97.9%
SOCIETATEA PENTRU SERVICII DE MENTENANTA A RETELEI ELECTRICE DE TRANSPORT SMART SA CUI: 14232728 97.9% BOGART BUILDING MANAGEMENT SRL CUI: 12987836 0.3% GILMAR SRL CUI: 3214149 0.2% CLIMA THERM CENTER SRL CUI: 13572870 0.2% SFINX CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 15744092 0.1% 32 further suppliers 1.4%
UNITATEA MILITARA NR01836 CUI: 27036839 091 Whole period 484,321,773 484,190,373 131,400 38 3,101 8,853 ROMPETROL RAFINARE SA CUI: 1860712 94.0%
ROMPETROL RAFINARE SA CUI: 1860712 94.0% OMV PETROM SA CUI: 1590082 4.4% FLY COMPANY SRL CUI: 6506660 1.6% LUKOIL ROMANIA SRL CUI: 10547022 0.1%
AEROPORTUL IASI RA CUI: 9671409 452 Whole period 469,567,496 467,538,521 2,007,577 21,398 58 29,228 8,404 STRABAG SRL CUI: 6891914 91.6%
STRABAG SRL CUI: 6891914 91.6% STRABAG CONSTRUCT SRL CUI: 50776017 4.1% QUARTZ MATRIX SRL CUI: 5150840 1.4% UTI CONSTRUCTION AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT SA CUI: 18165761 1.0% ELECTROPROIECT SA CUI: 531 1.0% 30 further suppliers 0.9%
ASOCIATIA UNIVERSITATILOR INSTITUTELOR DE CERCETARE - DEZVOLTARE SI BIBLIOTECILOR CENTRALE UNIVERSITARE DIN ROMANIA - ANELIS PLUS CUI: 29489879 723 Whole period 417,915,548 417,915,548 265 1,479 8,429 E-NFORMATION SRL CUI: 14159813 91.6%
E-NFORMATION SRL CUI: 14159813 91.6% ROMDIDAC SA CUI: 1555719 5.3% GEMINI INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES SRL CUI: 38305118 3.1%
AUTORITATEA PENTRU DIGITALIZAREA ROMANIEI CUI: 42283735 302 Whole period 399,033,274 398,071,502 855,730 106,042 71 9,704 9,765 VODAFONE ROMANIA SA CUI: 8971726 98.8%
VODAFONE ROMANIA SA CUI: 8971726 98.8% B2B DIGITAL SRL CUI: 18168172 0.5% ASEE SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 6614131 0.3% SYSDOM PROIECTE SRL CUI: 22743081 0.1% DANTE INTERNATIONAL SA CUI: 14399840 0.1% 26 further suppliers 0.3%
UNITATEA MILITARA 02550 C BUCURESTI CUI: 4283716 353 Whole period 392,199,683 391,998,783 200,900 144 1,083 8,971 COMPANIA NATIONALA ROMARM SA CUI: 13554423 94.6%
COMPANIA NATIONALA ROMARM SA CUI: 13554423 94.6% TRANSCARPAT SPORTOURS INTERNATIONAL SRL CUI: 15148839 4.7% SQUAD STORE SRL CUI: 33913823 0.4% CESS PLUS SOLUTIONS SRL CUI: 32036274 0.3%
COMPANIA NATIONALA AEROPORTURI BUCURESTI SA CUI: 26490194 351 Whole period 380,810,416 380,214,632 509,444 86,340 81 8,974 7,661 TRIDENT SERVICII SI MENTENANTA SA CUI: 16933677 87.3%
TRIDENT SERVICII SI MENTENANTA SA CUI: 16933677 87.3% MAGUS PROTECT TECHNOLOGIES SRL CUI: 39747673 4.9% UTI CONSTRUCTION AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT SA CUI: 18165761 2.8% MIRA TECHNOLOGIES GROUP SRL CUI: 24526828 2.3% MB TELECOM-LTD SRL CUI: 6612564 2.1% 34 further suppliers 0.7%
APAVITAL SA CUI: 1959768 343 Whole period 368,712,241 366,181,764 2,526,768 3,709 1,042 10,569 9,490 ROMDAV SRL CUI: 4253995 97.4%
ROMDAV SRL CUI: 4253995 97.4% ADETRANS SRL CUI: 2213161 1.0% ROMTEC EUROPA SRL CUI: 6267105 0.9% ALBEROM SRL CUI: 24344214 0.2% EUROMASTER TYRE & SERVICES ROMANIA SA CUI: 25872595 0.1% 74 further suppliers 0.4%
SOCIETATEA NATIONALA NUCLEARELECTRICA SA CUI: 10874881 794 Whole period 366,763,436 363,640,494 514,700 2,608,242 47 10,641 9,703 CANADIAN NUCLEAR PARTNERS SA CUI: 41388610 98.5%
CANADIAN NUCLEAR PARTNERS SA CUI: 41388610 98.5% ERNST & YOUNG SRL CUI: 1551105 0.7% DELOITTE CONSULTANTA SRL CUI: 2626460 0.2% WEL SECURITY INC SRL CUI: 53123918 0.1% PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS AUDIT SRL CUI: 4282940 0.1% 17 further suppliers 0.4%
AQUAVAS SA CUI: 17986823 384 Whole period 337,409,993 336,588,001 821,992 53 5,086 9,917 MODERN POWER SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 29974172 99.6%
MODERN POWER SYSTEMS SRL CUI: 29974172 99.6% AFRISO SRL CUI: 40797462 0.1% AFRISO-EURO-INDEX SRL CUI: 2356161 0.1% VESTRA INDUSTRY SRL CUI: 15969249 0.1% ELECTRIC DESIGN SRL CUI: 14346064 0.0% 13 further suppliers 0.1%
UNITATEA MILITARA NR 02574 CUI: 4193125 091 Whole period 333,914,972 333,585,452 329,520 32 3,101 9,942 OSCAR DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 13991630 99.7%
OSCAR DOWNSTREAM SRL CUI: 13991630 99.7% OMNIMPEX AGRO-INDUSTRIAL SRL CUI: 9647761 0.1% KYNITA SRL CUI: 7485809 0.1% ENGIE ROMANIA SA CUI: 13093222 0.1% GAZ EST SA CUI: 14679859 0.1% 1 further suppliers 0.0%
MINISTERUL TRANSPORTURILOR SI INFRASTRUCTURII CUI: 13633330 606 Whole period 323,879,666 323,879,666 31 90 10,000 NAVROM-DELTA SA CUI: 11791202 100.0%
NAVROM-DELTA SA CUI: 11791202 100.0%

1-25 of 649 results

Rows per page: 25 50 100
Contracting authority
The authority that spent. The name leads to its profile.
CPV group
The three-digit CPV group: the market the index is computed on.
Year
The year the market was tested in. Whole period is a separate test on the money of every year together, with higher floors; it is not the sum of the years, and a market flagged in a year can be missing from it.
Spent
The money spent in this market. Underneath, by stream (tenders, direct, offline), each linked to the listing it was computed from.
Awards
How many awards the market holds. The lowest possible index depends on it: 10,000 divided by this number.
Suppliers used
How many suppliers were paid. Click the figure to list them under the row, with each one's share.
Suppliers in market
How many suppliers sold in this CPV group across the country that year. A high index with five suppliers nationally is the market; with nine hundred, it is a choice.
HHI
The sum of the squared shares, times 10,000: 10,000 means a single supplier. The hint beside the figure shows the lowest possible value for the number of awards.
Leading supplier
The supplier with the largest share, and its share. The supplier filter searches every supplier in the market.

The same data, through the API

Every figure on this page comes from the public API, through the endpoints below. The parameters each one takes are in the documentation; each needs an access key.

  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/distribution
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/overview/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/concentrare/cpv-spend

Open data and API