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High risk #01 Slicing

Artificial slicing of direct purchases

Repeated direct purchases from one supplier, each below the legal ceiling, together above it.

A large need is covered by several direct purchases from the same supplier, in the same CPV group and the same year, each below the legal ceiling (today 270,120 lei for goods and services and 900,400 lei for works; half that until September 2022). Together they pass the ceiling, and the tender the law requires is avoided. Computed on direct purchases only.

Slicing groups

161

Cumulative flagged value

43.77 Mn.

Average direct purchases per group

26.1

Flagged groups by year

Years marked * are not fully covered by the data: 2018, 2026.

Flagged value by CPV group

The 10 largest CPV groups by value; the other 242 are added into a single tile.

How it is computed

Computed on every direct purchase from 2018 to today.

  1. Direct purchases with a supplier (CUI) and a CPV code are kept.
  2. They are grouped on five keys: the authority, the supplier, the first three digits of the CPV code, the year and the contract type.
  3. Groups with a single purchase are dropped: one purchase alone is not slicing.
  4. For each group the purchase values are added up, and the average and the largest are computed.
  5. The ceiling is the one in force on the day each purchase was published, for its contract type. In the years the ceiling changed (2018, 2022) the group splits in two, each part with its own ceiling.
  6. The group is flagged when its total passes the ceiling. The purchases are not judged one by one: their sum is what counts.

Thresholds

Purchases published Goods and services Works
until 03.06.2018Legea 98/2016 132,519 441,730
04.06.2018 – 09.09.2022OUG 45/2018 135,060 450,200
from 10.09.2022Legea 208/2022 270,120 900,400

Ceilings exclude VAT (Legea 98/2016, art. 7(5)). Each purchase is compared with the ceiling in force on the day it was published. The ceilings and procedures, explained.

  • At least two direct purchases to the same supplier, in the same CPV group and year

Direct purchases only. Tenders and framework agreements are not counted.

Grouping uses the first three CPV digits, so different products of the same family land in one group. That is how the legal ceiling applies too, but it can join purchases that do not replace one another.

The full explanation, on the methodology page

Contracting authority Supplier CPV group Contract type Year Direct purchases Cumulative value Average per purchase Largest purchase
SPITALUL MUNICIPAL DE URGENTA ELENA BELDIMAN CUI: 4446481 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2020 31 956,984 30,870 200,022
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA PITESTI CUI: 4122205 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2020 60 698,744 11,646 73,622
SPITALUL CLINIC DE BOLI INFECTIOASE SI TROPICALE DRVICTOR BABES CUI: 4266049 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 270,120 2025 29 692,937 23,894 113,819
SPITALUL CLINIC DE BOLI INFECTIOASE SF PARASCHEVA IASI CUI: 4541521 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2020 7 616,954 88,136 193,671
INSTITUTUL REGIONAL DE ONCOLOGIE IASI CUI: 29067408 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2020 17 594,210 34,954 132,200
UM 0521 BUCURESTI CUI: 8372077 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2019 42 587,853 13,997 80,304
SPITALUL MUNICIPAL DRTEODOR ANDREI LUGOJ CUI: 2501652 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2020 83 579,780 6,985 61,975
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA DR CONSTANTIN ANDREOIU PLOIESTI CUI: 2844545 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2020 35 575,386 16,440 57,225
SPITALUL MUNICIPAL ODORHEIU SECUIESC CUI: 4245259 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2020 49 559,676 11,422 66,400
SPITALUL MUNICIPAL CAMPULUNG CUI: 4756466 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2020 45 527,272 11,717 70,000
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA BACAU CUI: 4278728 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2019 174 518,460 2,980 23,654
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA CUI: 4253650 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2021 12 475,641 39,637 89,946
SPITALUL CLINIC BOLI INFECTIOASE CUI: 4485715 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2020 44 473,168 10,754 98,163
SPITALUL CLINIC JUDETEAN DE URGENTA SIBIU CUI: 4240898 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2020 23 464,321 20,188 196,326
INSTITUTUL DE BOLI CARDIOVASCULARE TIMISOARA CUI: 5189211 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2021 31 449,761 14,508 52,469
INSTITUTUL DE PNEUMOFTIZIOLOGIE MARIUS NASTA CUI: 4316180 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2020 37 444,743 12,020 35,000
SPITALUL CLINIC BOLI INFECTIOASE CUI: 4485715 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2019 57 430,215 7,548 48,960
INSTITUTUL CLINIC FUNDENI CUI: 4204003 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 270,120 2026 20 424,730 21,237 49,310
INSTITUTUL CLINIC FUNDENI CUI: 4204003 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2019 22 420,257 19,103 86,933
SPITALUL CLINIC JUDETEAN DE URGENTA BRASOV CUI: 4384117 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2020 31 397,034 12,808 85,500
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA DEVA CUI: 4374385 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2020 26 391,025 15,039 49,120
UM 0521 BUCURESTI CUI: 8372077 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2020 24 389,055 16,211 41,055
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA ALBA IULIA CUI: 4613342 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2020 42 380,255 9,054 60,000
SPITALUL JUDETEAN DE URGENTA SLATINA CUI: 4394927 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2020 38 376,879 9,918 29,449
SPITALUL UNIVERSITAR DE URGENTA BUCURESTI CUI: 4283570 COMPANIA NATIONALA UNIFARM SA CUI: 11653560 336 furnizare ceiling 135,060 2019 52 375,458 7,220 47,589

1-25 of 161 results

Rows per page: 25 50 100
Contracting authority
The authority that made the purchases. It had to run a tender once the ceiling was passed.
Supplier
The company that received every purchase in the group.
CPV group
The first three digits of the CPV code: the family of goods or services bought.
Contract type
Supply, services or works. The type and the date set the ceiling, shown under the type.
Year
The year of publication. In 2018 and 2022, when the ceiling changed, the year holds two groups, with the period shown under the year.
Direct purchases
How many direct purchases the group holds (at least two).
Cumulative value
The group's purchases added up. This is compared with the ceiling.
Average per purchase
The cumulative value divided by the number of purchases. A small average beside a large total is the typical sign of slicing.
Largest purchase
The largest purchase in the group. If it sits just below the ceiling, see indicator #02 too.
Opens the group's direct purchases: same authority, supplier, CPV group, year and contract type.

The same data, through the API

Every figure on this page comes from the public API, through the endpoints below. The parameters each one takes are in the documentation; each needs an access key.

  • /api/v1/reference/years
  • /api/v1/reference/contract-types
  • /api/v1/red-flags/fractionare
  • /api/v1/red-flags/overview/years
  • /api/v1/red-flags/fractionare/cpv-spend

Open data and API